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In information theory and statistics, negentropy is used as a measure of distance to normality.
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Let us consider, for instance, the problems of diffusion and spin distribution. The concept and phrase 'negative entropy' was introduced by Erwin Schrdinger in his 1944 popular-science book What is Life 1 Later, Lon Brillouin shortened the phrase to negentropy. The information stored in this system corresponds to a decrease in entropy. Our discussion shows how this situation is progressively destroyed by diffusion and collisions that increase the entropy and erase the information.Įntropy is usually described as measuring the amount of disorder in a physical system. A more precise statement is that entropy measures the lack of information about the actual structure of the system. This lack of information introduces the possibility of a great variety of microscopically distinct structures, which we are, in practice, unable to distinguish from one another. Since any one of these different microstructures can actually be realized at any given time, the lack of information corresponds to actual disorder in the hidden degrees of freedom. This picture is clearly illustrated in the case of the ideal gas. When we specify the total number n of atoms, their mass m, their degeneracy factor g, and the total energy E., we do not state the positions and velocities of each individual atom.Since we do not specify the positions and velocities of the atoms, we are unable to distinguish between two different samples of the gas, when the difference consists only in different positions and velocities for the atoms. #Brillouin science and information theory free.#Brillouin science and information theory how to.Concluding chapters explore the associations between information theory, the uncertainty principle, and physical limits of observation, in addition to problems related to computing, organizing information, and inevitable errors. A discussion of the negentropy principle of information introduces Brillouin's renowned examination of Maxwell's demon. Author Leon Brillouin begins by defining and applying the term 'information' and proceeds to explorations of the principles of coding, coding problems and solutions, the analysis of signals, a summary of thermodynamics, thermal agitation and Brownian motion, and thermal noise in an electric circuit. The author, a giant of twentieth-century mathematics, applies the principles of information theory to a variety of issues, including Maxwell's demon, thermodynamics, and measurement problems. A classic source for exploring the connections between information theory and physics, this text is geared toward upper-level undergraduates and graduate students.
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